SHISHAM Products have been in the building industry for over 20 years, supplying Precast and Tiltup manufacturers with total packages for the construction of reinforced concrete panels.

The SHISHAM universal lifting systems are reliable and easy to install, and over this period have proven safe, reliable and time saving for manufacturers, contractors and erectors of these concrete building systems.

The plate and bar used in the manufacture of SHISHAM Universal Anchors is selected by grade for weight, for each application. They are manufactured with a minimum safety factor of 2.5 in accordance with Australian Standard AS 3850. They are precision engineered using the latest technology, to provide the most cost effective product for today's market place. Products are available in black steel, zinc chromate finish or are hot dipped galvanised to AS 1650-1989.

The SHISHAM Face Lifters are modular assemblies complete with disposable plastic void former, support legs and cross-bar, and are suitable for panel thickness from 150 to 200 mm, and 5 tonne lifting capacity. Shear bars are fitted according to designer's specification, but should be -Y12 x 300mm or Y12 x 500mm for panels 100 to 150mm thick Y16 x 300mm or Y16 x 500mm for panels above 150mm thick.

The Face Lifter is used primarily for tilt panel lifting. The anchor is located face up in the panel prior to the concrete pour. The void former has arrows for lining up the unit in the direction of lift, top-to-bottom of the panel. Lifting points will be specified by the design engineer.

These lifting and erection anchors are designed for lifting, tilting and rotating precast panels at the manufacturing and erection sites.

There are three anchor types used in this range -

2.5 and 5.0 tonne 10.0 tonne 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 tonne

'Hairpin' 'Structural' 'Two-hole'

for edge lift and rotation for edge lift and rotation for thin panels and straight lift units

The Hairpin and Structural anchors have their own built-in tension or pullout capacity by virtue of their shape. The addition of the reinforcing shear bars for angle lifting and rotation, adds further tension capability. The preceding pages therefore cover all aspects of the application of these anchors.

The Two-hole anchor is specially designed for horizontal to vertical edge pulls and shear rotation of thin-walled units. As with the Hairpin and Structural anchors, notches on the sides of the anchor accept shear bar reinforcement for spall-free panel rotation in edge lifting applications. For direct lifting applications the tension reinforcement is sufficient to develop full pullout load capacity. The V shaped tension bar is fitted through the second hole and is cast well into the concrete body of the panel. The following diagram and tables describe the anchor, its load capabilities and erection reinforcement requirements.

Void former creates clearances for universal clutch application, giving angular lifting freedom and load capacity effects as indicated in the following diagram -

Permissible loads are given in the table above
Minimum edge distance (panel width) = half minimum anchor spacing 'S'
Minimum edge distance (panel thickness) = half min. panel thickness 'T'

Load capacities indicated are only assured where -

• Concrete has achieved full strength at the time of lifting
• Concrete is of not less than 15MPa strength
• The correct depth of anchor embedment, to full length of anchor 'D', is achieved. For the Two-hole anchor there is also a Tension bar reinforcement required to achieve design pullout.
• Erection reinforcement is provided, as required. Shear bars are placed in anchor notches to provide for shear transfer, for angled lifting and panel rotation, see next section.

Lifting anchors

Tension

The Hairpin and Structural anchors are shaped so as to transfer tension or pullout loads to the concrete structure. The Two-hole anchor relies on a Tension bar or spread anchor reinforcement for this load transfer as per the following diagram and table -

Two-hole anchor Reinforcement is to be Rebar 500, deformed bar or equal. For straight lifting duties, such as culvert lifting, shear bar reinforcement is not required and the tension bar will produce the full load requirement. Reinforcing rod bending must be in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and preferably the bend radius should be 4 x bar diameter, certainly not less than 2 x bar diameter.

Shear

For lifting and rotating panels, the following design of shear bar assembly is mandatory.
With 'erection' reinforcement placed on both sides of the anchor this also acts to increase tension or pullout load capacity, to the extent that no additional tension reinforcement is required for the Hairpin and Structural anchors to achieve full load capacity.

Notes to diagram above and table below

1. Dimension H depends on thickness of the panel/unit, the erection reinforcement should be placed within the unit reinforcement area. However, there is a minimum dimension for 'H' as indicated.
2. Erection reinforcement bar length before bending 'L' is given. Reinforcement steel is Rebar 500 of diameter 'F' as shown.
3. Bar bending radius is according to AS 3600.
4. Concrete strength must be not less than 15 MPa, refer AS 3600.
5. Anchors must not be reworked, by welding or any other process, either during construction or lifting.

Load Group (t)	Erection reinforcement Rebar 500' x L'(mm)	'H' Minimum (mm)
2.5	12 ø x 800	50
5.0	16 ø x 1000	75
10.0	20 ø x 1500	115

Structural anchors are of 10 tonne pullout capacity, and are made of 20mm thick plate, of Grade 350 steel, and are 305 mm long.

The Structural anchor has two steel protrusions on the head of the anchor to provide added protection against spalling. These protrusions limit the sideways movement of the 'Universal' ring clutch, to give added support when the pull is lateral.

Reinforcement Shear bars are provided as per the previous pages. A tension bar is fitted through one of two holes in the anchor, not the slotted hole used for the clutch. The tension bar provides capacity for edge tension lifts up to the full tension capacity of the anchor.

Note on load calculation for panel manufacturer

Lifting a panel from the mould requires consideration of four (4) load components -

1. Deadweight: the as-cast weight of the unit 'G'
2. Mould release: 'M' allowing for adhesion to the mould, dependent on treatment and surface finish of the mould, usually calculated from a load per unit surface area x mould contact area
3. Dynamic loads: making allowance for the lifting acceleration of the crane; a multiplying factor to apply to (G + M), varying from 1.1 to 2.2, depending on the quality of the lift (crane type) and the speed of the crane. When using an excavator for transporting precast units on an uneven surface, this must be at least a factor of two (2).
4. Angle of lift: a multiplier for (G + M), varying from 1 to 2, for the angle from the vertical 'B', in the range -

Angle of lift B (degrees) Multiplier 0 1.00 7.5 1.01 15 1.04 22.5 1.08 30 1.16 37.5 1.26 45 1.41 52.5 1.64 60 2.00

These additions and multiplications yield a total load, to be divided by the number of anchors to determine single anchor loads. This leads to consideration to lifting tackle and arrangements. Irregular shaped panels require consideration of centre of gravity and moments to determine individual anchor loads.

Notes for all users

• Consult the relevant Australian Standards when using these products.
• Panels/units must be built to design engineers approved shop drawings.
• Check all parts of the lifting clutch, for damage and function, before use.
• A minimum factor of safety of 2.5 is applied to anchor pullout from concrete in accordance with AS 3850.